>> HUMUIC ACID<<

Farming, using biological inputs i.e. fertilizers, seed treatments etc. is an agricultural philosophy and a farm management system that promotes plant, animal and human health. Through the use of environmentally friendly biological fertilizers it maintains and improves productivity of the soil by stimulating and maintaining natural biological processes in the soil. By eliminating or reducing high cost inputs i.e. chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc., soil fertility is improved and agricultural production costs are reduced.

Humic Acid is an important biological input for almost any agricultural program. Liquid Humic Acid can be foliar applied, soil applied or applied thru fertigation or drip irrigation. Granular Humic Acid can be applied directly to the soil. Both liquid and granular forms can be applied to the root zone at seeding. In addition, both forms can be used alone or incorporated into fertilizer blends.

Humic Acid can increase soil fertility and humus content, improve plant uptake of P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Ca, improve soil porosity and promote root and top growth. In addition, Humic Acid can stimulate soil bacteria. improve phosphate availability and act as a chelating agent to reduce the concentration of metal ions to a non toxic level, reduce the loss of nutrients through leaching, and stimulate the mobility of soil nutrients thereby enhancing the uptake of these nutrients by plants.

>>> THE DIFFERENCE<<<

>WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HUMIC ACID AND FERTILIZER?<

There is a lot of confusion out there when it comes to Humic Acids; people always wonder if it is a fertilizer, and if not a fertilizer - what is it?
Humic Acids are best known as a soil conditioner which makes poor soils good and good soils great. Humic Acids work best when applied with fertilizers to create optimum growing conditions. They work as a compliment to the fertilizer and the benefit is a more efficient use of your fertilizer and the money you spent to add it.

> HUMICS WORK IN CONJUNGTION WITH FERTILIZER<

Humic Acids are not fertilizers, but can be added to any fertilizer prescription as a compliment to it. Fertilizers are analyzed on the basis of their value of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or Potash (N-P-K). Humic Acids are analyzed on the basis of their content of humus and in the case of Black Earth that value is over 80%.

>HUMIC ACIDS CAN INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FERTILIZER <

Humic Acids have the ability to make your soil perform better even if it is a marginal soil condition. Fertilizers provide a nutrient source for the plant, but rarely have any benefit to the soil. When applied to sandy soils, Humic Acids can provide organic matter and help retain water, which is essential to plant growth. Some fertilizers are mobile in the soil and have the potential to leach out of the root zone in sandy soils. Granular Humic Acids can help hold these fertilizers in the root zone for longer periods of time and allow the plant to take up more nutrients. In hard pan or compacted soils, an addition of Humic Acid can break up these soils and allow nutrients to penetrate deeper down to the root zone.

we all know fertilizer are essential inputs in any cropping system. With
Humic Acids, you are able to increase the efficiency of those fertilizers by increasing the nutrient uptake and retention. Along with that, Humic Acids can add organic matter to deficient soils, increase root vitality, increase chlorophyll synthesis, have better seed germination, stimulate beneficial microbial activity and have overall healthier plants and improved yields. They also work to unlock nutrients like phosphorus that are tied up in the soil.

>USE HUMIC ACID TO RESTORE THE HEALTH OF YOU SOIL <

Most people are quick to say Humic Acids are fertilizers, but in fact, it is more of a soil conditioner. The benefits far outweigh the costs and with so many soils being depleted around the world today, Humic Acids are an effective product to reverse the depletion trend. In a world where we are seeing world population grow at an exponential rate, and are losing arable acres on which to grow crops, we need to fertilize crops to maximize production and feed the hungry.

To keep your soil healthy, vibrant and productive, look towards a fertilization program with Humic Acids to help you achieve that. In turn, you will prosper with higher yields, a healthier soil and a sustainable future.

> >>. HOW TO MAKE SOME INPUTS OF THE KOREAN NATURAL FARMING SYSTEM<<<

...how to make some inputs of the Korean Natural Farming system..

December 11, 2014 at 9:19pm

Notes:

> This document does not explain the Korean Natural Farming (KNF) system in detail. Please do a web search for more complete information.
> One of the goals of the system is to increase organic matter and microbial activity in soil.
> The collected, concentrated, and stored microorganisms are aerobic and prefer cool dark storage. They do not like direct sunlight.
> Brown sugar is best, light brown refined sugar is good, white refined sugar is OK.
> Non-food grade molasses is a good sugar substitute, but do not use products made from molasses in animal drinking water or feed additives.

>>>IMO #1(INDIGENOUS MICRO ORGANISMS) OR WHITE LEAF MOLD CONCENTRATE..<<<

> Make wooden box 30cm square x 10 cm deep.
> Put in 1 liter steamed rice, room temperature. (Break up clumps and spread, but do not pack it down. Be careful not to touch with hands to avoid contaminating the rice.)
> Cover box with paper and tie it in place with string. (Use paper used for clothing pattern making to cover the top of box.)
> Find growing bamboo.
> Find white mold on fallen leaves at the base of the plant.
> Place box on the moldy leaves.
> Cover box with leaves.
> Cover the pile with plastic.
> Cover the plastic with wire netting or mesh to keep rodents out.
> Place large rocks on the edges of mesh to hold in place.
> Wait 4-5 days and collect the box.
> Then mix white mold covered rice with 1kg of sugar (unprocessed) in plastic or ceramic container or jar (Can use your hands but mix gently; Do not squeeze.)
> Cover opening with paper and string.
> Let sit for 5 days.
> Can keep for 1 year.

Mix 2 spoons in 10 liters of water.
Apply to plants, the ground around trees, IMO compost, KNF animal bedding, etc.
Always keep IMO out of sunlight!!!
Apply only in morning or evening.

>>>IMO # 2 FOR RICE PLANTING<<<

> Prepare wooden box with rice (same as used for making IMO # 1 )
> Go to rice field after harvest.
> Cut rice stalks shorter (about same as surface of the soil).
> Cover box with paper and place upside down on area of rice stalks that you’ve just cut.
> Put plastic, mesh, and rocks over it just as before with IMO #1.
> Wait 4-5 days.
> Mix with 1kg of sugar (same as with IMO #1).
> Put in container, and cover with paper and string for 5 days.

Mix 2 spoons IMO #2 per 10 liters water.
Apply once a week, morning or evening. IMO does not like direct sunlight.
Apply until the rice has reached the milk stage (from about the 20th day to about the 90th day).

>>FERMENTED PLANT JUICE (FPJ) " THE MOTHER'

> > RATIO OF PLANT MATERIAL TO SUGAR IS 7:3<<

> Use any green leaves. Fresh, juicy, succulent leaves are best. Some suggestions are Banana Stem, Water Spinach, Bamboo Shoots, Green grasses, Bamboo leaves, and Duck Weed.
> Collect all the material before sunrise or early morning light. Do Not wash the material.
> Obtain 7 kg of material (you can mix different kinds of materials).
> Mix 1.5 kg of sugar with plant material.
> Place in a plastic or clay bucket of appropriate size.
> Place weight on top of mixture (can use a garbage sack filled with water).
> Wait 5 hours. Remove weight.
> Use 1.5 kg of sugar to layer on top of plant material (do not mix again).
> Cover with paper, tie with string, and keep 10-15 days. It is helpful to write the date on the paper.
> Drain the liquid and place in plastic bottles (always leave about 1/3 of bottle empty so IMOs can breathe). IMPORTANT: Do not tighten bottle lid for 2 weeks following bottling to allow gasses to escape and avoid a sticky explosion!
> Plant material can be used as animal feed or compost.
> FPJ should have a pleasant smell and sweet, tangy taste. Keeps for about one year.

Apply using 2 spoons FPJ / 10 liters water.
Apply directly to the leaves of plants when sun is not out.

> FERMENTED FRUITS JUICE (FFJ) " THE FATHER"<

RATIO OF FRUITS MATERIALS TO SUGAR IS 1;1

> Obtain 9 kgs of material. Suggested materials include banana, papaya, pineapple, mango, jack fruit, lamyaay, star fruit, guava, pumpkin, etc (citrus is not recommended).
> Recommended “best” mixture is banana 3 kg, papaya 3 kg, and pumpkin 3 kg.
> Chop material into small pieces.
> Mix material with 4.5 kg of sugar.
> Place in a plastic or clay bucket of appropriate size.
> Use 4.5 kg of sugar to layer on top of mixture (do not mix again).
> Cover with paper and date.
> Wait 10-15 days.
> Drain the liquid and place in plastic bottles (always leave about 1/3 of bottle empty so IMOs can breathe). IMPORTANT: Do not tighten bottle lid for 2 weeks following bottling to allow gasses to escape and avoid a sticky explosion!
> Solid material can be used as animal feed or compost.
> FFJ should have a pleasant smell and sweet, tangy taste. Keeps for about one year.

Apply using 2 spoons of FFJ / 10 liters of water.
Apply directly to leaves of plants when sun is not out.
Use FFJ to reduce latrine smell. Use 3 spoons / 10 liters while cleaning. Pour 2-4 spoons directly down toilet to help septic system.

>> FISH AMINO ACID ( FAA) - HIGH IN NITROGEN <<

RATIO OF MATERIAL TO SUGAR IS 1;1

> Suggested materials include any part of the fish (bones, scales, tails, guts, etc…) (Can also use rice paddy snails).
> Pestle or crush material.
> Mix 1:1 with sugar. (Don’t use hands!)
> Cover and keep 15 days (Don’t drink).
> Drain the liquid and place in plastic bottles (always leave about 1/3 of bottle empty so IMOs can breathe).

Apply using 1 spoon / 10 liters of water.
Apply directly to the ground; not to the leaves.
Is High Protein / Nitrogen. (If using snails, they have poison. So if residue is fed to pigs, it must first be dried in the sun.)

>>> DRY IMO / WHITE LEAF MOLD CONCENTRATE ( NEEDED TO MAKE IMO COMPOST)<<

1 part rice bran (1 part = about 30kgs)
4 parts soiled bedding from KNF animal pens.

OR (if you do not have KNF soiled bedding)

1 part rice bran
2 parts large rice hulls or other material
2 parts cow, pig, goat, etc. manure – dry, not sloppy wet.

> Mix together. (This is like mixing cement. It is hard work if done alone, but quick & easy if 3 or more work together.)

4-6 spoons IMO #1
2 spoons FPJ or FFJ
2 spoons sugar
10 liters water

> Spray “IMO, sugar, and water” mixture over “rice bran, rice hulls, manure” while mixing until evenly moist and forms a ball in hand when squeezed.

> Shape material into a 50-60 cm tall rectangle and cover with 5-10 cm rice straw.
> Cover with plastic sheet or tarp for 10-15 days .
> Pile should rise in temperature within 24 hrs and cool in 8-10 days.
> Remove rice straw.
> Put material in feed, rice, or fertilizer bags and store in dry, shady location.

>> IMO COMPOST<<

5 parts local soil
2 parts rice bran (1 part = about 30kgs)
2 parts large rice hulls or other material
2 parts cow, pig, goat, etc. manure – dry, not sloppy wet. (Soiled bedding from KNF animal pens works best.)
1 part dry white leaf mold concentrate

> Mix together. (This is like mixing cement. It is hard work if done alone, but quick & easy if 3 or more work together.)

2 spoons IMO #1
2 spoons FPJ or FFJ
2 spoons sugar
10 liters water

> Spray “IMO, sugar, and water” mixture over “rice bran, rice hulls, manure, and soil” while mixing until evenly moist and forms a ball in hand when squeezed.

> Shape material into a 50-60 cm tall rectangle and cover with 5-10 cm rice straw.
> Cover with plastic sheet or tarp for 10-15 days.
> Compost pile should rise in temperature within 24 hrs and cool in 8-10 days.
> (By heaping compost over water pipes (must be black plastic) during heating phase, it can be used to heat water.)
> Remove rice straw.
> Put compost in feed, rice, or fertilizer bags and store in dry, shady location.

Apply directly around the base of trees, plants, garden plots, rice paddies, work into soil, etc.

>> KNF ANIMAL PENS ( DEEP BEDDING)<<

Can build above ground in areas with high water table.
Can convert cement floor pens by building up. Must raise roof.
An area of 3 meters x 8 meters (24 square meters) can sustain 20-25 pigs.
General rule for pigs: 1 sq. meter per animal.

> Dig 90 cm down (pigs, cows) (only dig 70 cm for chickens).
> Obtain rice hulls 100 parts (bags). (can substitute saw dust.)
Local soil 10 parts (bags).
Salt 2 Kg
> Layer rice hulls for first 30 cm.
> Add dirt and salt then mix.
> Spray bedding with IMO #1 FFJ / FPJ water solution (approx. 20 liters).
> layer rice hulls,dirt and salt as above for next 30 cm.
> spray bedding with IMO# 1 FFJ / FPJ Water Solution.
> Repeat for final Layer .
> build pen to allow good air circulation, some sun exposure, and to protect bedding from rain.
> Spray bedding with IMO #1 FFJ / FPJ water solution weekly.

Bedding does NOT need to be removed and replaced. However, microbial activity will decrease the volume of the bedding over time necessitating the addition of bedding material. Add material at the same ratio mentioned above. Soiled bedding removed for compost production will also need to be replaced.

Add FFJ / FPJ to animal drinking water (1-2 spoons to 10 liters). Can set up a 10-20 liter plastic water tank to gravity feed a nurse valve in the pen.

>>> FORMULA FOR IMO PIG FOOD<<<

RATIO : 100 PARTS PLANT MATERIAL / 4 PARTS SUGAR / 1 PART SALT.

> Obtain edible plant material (any quantity). Examples include water spinach, fresh grasses, banana stems, etc. Consult with locals for ideas for local, native options.
> Chop plant material into bite sized pieces, mix with sugar and salt, place in plastic or ceramic bucket.
> Cover with PLASTIC sheet and tie in place. This is an anaerobic process that pickles the material.
> Food is ready to feed in 5-7 days. It will have a good smell and sour taste.
> Can use this food for up to 50% of the ration.

Example pig ration from Thailand:
50% IMO food
25% rice bran
25% commercial pig food
Add water to make a slop. FFJ / FPJ optional.

Pigs should reach market weight in 3-4 months.
Tips:
Introduce new food in small quantity and increase % over time.
Use at least 2 containers for IMO food production. Feed from one container while you fill the other and wait for it to pickle.

Pig feed formula
Wet
Fresh plant material for pig feed 100 Kg
Sugar 4 Kg
Rock salt 1 Kg
Pickle/ferment/ensile in bucket with tight fitting lid or plastic sheet 3-5 days.
Dry
Red dirt 30 Kg
Dry cow manure 30 Kg
Rice bran 120 Kg
Corn 50 Kg
Fish meal 10 Kg
Soybean cake 20 Kg
Mix Wet and Dry 1:1 ratio

>> PLANT HOME<<

> Put 1 kg of herb or spice in container (some suggestions are cinnamon, ginseng, ginger, or garlic. You can mix several herbs.)
> Add 2 large bottles of beer.
> Cover with paper for 12 hours.
> Add 1 kg sugar.
> Wait 5 days.
> Add 2 bottles of rice whiskey.
> Wait 15 days.

For application use 1 spoon / 10 liters of water.
Can use original 1 kg of herb to make up to 5 batches.

>>> INSECT CONTROL FORMULA ( NOT INSECTICIDE: JUST A DETERRENT)<<

> Obtain
*FFJ 1 liter.
*Sugar 1 kg.
*Water 10 liters.
* Vinegar 1 liter.
*Whiskey 2 liters.
* Mix together and cover (Do not use paper; only plastic covering).
* Mix twice everyday for 15 days (should have foam on top).

For application use 3 spoons / 10 liters of water.
Can use once a week.
Can keep up to six months.

>>> FORMULA FOR KILLING WORMS ON TREES<<<

* Soak 20 kg of “American grass” (yaa saab sua), or tobacco leaves, or tomato stems in 10 liters of water.
* Substitute this water for the 10 liters of plain water in the “Insect Control Formula” above.

>>> INSECTICIDE / REPELLANT COMBINATION.<<<

Mixture #1 Tobacco leaf 10 kg, Sugar 3 kg, water 10 liters.

Mixture #2 Saabsue 10 kg, Sugar 3 kg, water 10 liters.

Mixture #3 Neem 10 kg, Sugar 3 kg, water 10 liters.

Chop, mix, cover, and wait 2 weeks.

Apply using 1 liter of mixture #1, 1 liter of mixture #2, and 1 liter of mixture #3.
Mix all 3 liters with 200 liters of water (total = 203 liters).
Spray weekly.

RATIO OF APPLICATION (RoA):
1) 1 bag or 50 kl of synthetic fertilizer mixed with 1-2 sachet/s of King Humus Plus.
2) 1-2 sachet/s of KHP to 1 drum or 200 liters of non-chlorinated water.
3) 1-2 tablespoon of KHP to 16 liters of non-chlorinated water or 1 knapsack sprayer.
KAILAN DAPAT GAMITIN ANG KHP?
1) Tuwing tayo po ay mag-aabono ng ating mga pananim eg. palay, mais, atbp. (sundin lamang ang RATIO of APPLICATION number 1)
2) Sa mga halamang gulay, mga bulaklak, at iba na nakatanim na, sundin lamang po natin ang RoA number 3 at mag-spray sa puno at sa lupang pinagtaniman. Gawin ito dalawang beses sa isang buwan. Mas maiging sa lupang pinagtaniman magspray kasi ang KHP ay "soil conditioner".
3) Maiging magspray muna sa lupang ating pagtataniman tatlong araw bago tayo maglipat tanim.
BAKIT KILANGAN ANG KING HUMUS PLUS SA ATING TANIM:
1) mapapababa ang paggamit ng mga kemikal na abono hanggang 50% o higit pa depindi sa pangangailangan ng lupa.
2) mapapataas ang ani hanggang 60% increase depende sa pagaasikaso at panahon.
3) mapapayaman ang sinasakang lupa at mababawasan ang pagka asim ng lupa or acidity (pH level)
4) mapapaganda ang uri at kalidad ng halaman dahil ito ay organiko o natural
5) magiging mas matibay at mababawasan ang paggamit ng mga pesticides.
6) tataas ang kita dahil mabawasan ang pag gamit ng mga kemikal na abono at walang masamang epekto sa kalusugan ng tao.
7) makakaiwas sa pag sira ng kalikasan sapagkat mababawasan ang pag gamit ng kemikal na nakasisira sa lupa,tubig,hangin at kalikasan.
8) matipid sa bulsa pero malaki ang balik na biyaya.
9) at higit sa lahat ay makatutulong na mai-angat ang antas ng pamumuhay ng mga magsasakang Pilipino

>> KING HUMUS PLUS<<

> PRODUCTS DESCRIPTION<

Potassium humate is humic acid potassium salt,is soluble in water .It has good effect to stabilize and slow release nitrogen,liberate phosphorous in soil,thus increase soil fertility and increase harvest.

> MAIN FUNCTION<

1).Greatly increase the soil fertility.

2).Increase the organic matter of soil and improve soil structure,accordingly largely promote the buffering power of soil.

There two kinds of soil ,sandy and heavy.In sandy soil nutrients s easy to loose ,humic acid could help to stabilize these nutrients and convent them into plants adoptable form,in heavy soil humic acid can increase the capacity of colloid thus preventing soil surface cracking.Humic acid can help to create crumble form to increase water holding capacity and its aeration.Humic acid could chelate the heavy metal thus avoid them absorbed by plants.

3).Regulate PH of soil and increase soil fertility.

The optimum pH range for most plants is between 5.5 and 7.0,Humic acid has direct function to balance the pH of soil,to make soil pH suitable for plants growth.Humic acid could largely stabilized nitrogen storage and slow release,P is release from AL +in soil,also other microelement is in the form of easy-available by plants, meanwhile the beneficial fungi is active to produce different kind enzymes. to help to create a crumble structure of soil to increase macro elements and micro elements binding capacity and water holding capacity ,thus increase soil fertility.

4).Create good living environment for microbial mass.

Humic acid could directly improve soil structure thus to create good environment for microbial mas living environment,thus these microbial mas production will help to improve soil structure.

5).Promote the development of chlorophyll, sugars and amino acids in plants and aid in photosynthesis.

6).Promote seed germination in short time,Greatly increase harvest and fruits quality.

Humic acid maximize macro and micro elements absorption like nitrogen,the slow release.Phosphate will greatly released from Fe3+ and Al3+ from soil .As to micro elements humic acid will chelate them into plant adoptable form and then optimize their absorption,also improve soil structure will nourish beneficial micro fungus which will also help soil to increase soil fertility and water holding capacity,thus will greatly increase harvest. Enhanced cell assimilation as well as photosynthesis increase the plant’s sugar and vitamin content, thus the quality of their seeds will be largely increased.

7)Greatly increase plants capability counter stress and disease.

Humic acid can mobilize K absorption to regulate the stomata open and close on the leaves also promote metabolism, thus increase the plants’ ability under stressed conditions.

>> INDUSTRIAL HUMIC PREPARATION: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND PROPERTIES <<

Today all around the globe humate-based fertilizers are in an increasingly greater demand. This can be explained by the fact that we have now ever more research data testifying to the positive effect humic substances have upon growth and development of plants and upon the quality of food products and soil fertility. Humic compounds are physiologically active substances that contribute to regulation and intensification of metabolic processes in plants and in soil. It has been established that humic substances not only increase production and fruit size and shorten ripening time, but also improve product quality by raising protein/sugar/amino-acid/vitamin content, and at the same time by reducing concentration of nitrates. In 1981 a decision was taken to set up the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) whose first president was R.L. Malcolm, USA. Since 1983 international IHSS conferences have been organized where precedence of Soviet scientists (above all Ms.L.A.Khristeva and Ms.S.S. Dragunova) was confirmed in the research aimed at the development of humic fertilizer production technologies. Yet, humic industrial technology boom started in Europe and other countries of the world in 1980-1990-ies. In Russia the active production of industrial humic preparations only began in late 1990-ies. Nonetheless, technological level of Russian industry ensured a product quality that was highly competitive with best Western developments available. This was the reason why Russian market despite its considerable size, does not know imported industrial humates till the present day. Humates are a group of natural high-molecular organic compounds that due to their structure and physical-chemical characteristics are very active from a physiological point of view. Their MoA (mechanism of action) implies stimulation of all bio-chemical processes in a plant both during seed germination and root formation and later during the whole cycle of plant growth and development. Humates alter cell membrane permeability, boost ferment activity, increase chlorophyll content and photosynthesis productivity, stimulate tissue respiration and synthesis of proteins, sugars, amino acids and vitamins. At the same time humates are non-toxic, non-carcinogen and non-mutagen compounds, which in its turn creates a basis for production of environmentally sound food. Also humates have a considerable effect upon hydro-physical and hydro-chemical properties of soil, i.e.: - they increase water capacity of light soils (by 30% in the average), by this contributing to the creation of agronomically valuable crumby/granular structures; - they improve void content and water permeability of heavy soils by this preventing cracks, crusts, ploughing layer hardening and creation of tillage pan; - they help soil aeration and increase air permeability of the soil profile, optimize both root respiration and general redox properties of soil; - they regulate ionic exchange reactions between the soil and water solutions; - they change soil buffer capacity thus helping to maintain a natural pH-level even if excessive amounts of acidic or alkaline agents are entering the soil. In its turn, changes in the humus content of soils contribute to the development of soil germs directly involved in desorption of nutrients, i.e.: nitrogen-fixing, cellulose-fermenting and butyrate-producing bacteria, along with ammonifiers and other germs that play a vital role in the nutrition and growth of plants. At the same time they also boost the fermentative activity of soil that contributes to the lability of nutrients. The activity of such ferment as follow is improved: urease, phosphatase, catalase, dehydrogenase, esterase, et alia. As a result of their action, hard-to-absorb mineral compounds of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium are turned into forms that are easily consumable by plants. Thus, by applying humates into the soil we have in the ploughing layer an increase of labile phosphorus by 1,5-2 times, and an increase of exchangeable potassium and consumable nitrogen by 2 – 2,5 times. In what concerns micro-elements, they form labile chelate compounds with humic substances that enter plants easily; research shows that iron and manganese can be consumed by plants only as humates of these two metals. An important factor is the way humates inter-react with various ecotoxicants who enter the soil as dust, ashes, with rain or within mineral fertilizers. What takes place here is irreversible binding of heavy metals and radio nuclides into insoluble non-labile complex compounds that are then taken away from the circulation of elements of the soil, which prevents their finding their way into the food we eat. In addiction to this, the fact that soil microflora is intensified by humates also helps to faster degrade toxic organic compounds. At the same time organic ecotoxicants like pesticides, hydrocarbons, phenols, aldehydes, etc., are effectively adsorbed by humates, which reduces their toxicity for plants and humans. It has been observed that application of humates in agriculture: • increases production of crops, feed crops and vegetables by 10 – 30 % at the average; • seed germinating capacity is improved and germination increased; • plant metabolism is improved, consumption of minerals increased along with root system formation; • seedling establishment after re-planting is improved; • plant resistance against diseases, frosts and droughts is increased due to a more active nitrate reductase; • nitrate, pesticide, heavy metal ion and radionuclide content is decreased, which allows us to claim that humates can be used for soil recultivation and decontamination. Usually humates are used for seed pre-treatmen and for root or foliar dressings. Seed pre-treatment can be combined with subsequent foliar dressings or waterings. Humate application can be also combined with plants/seed treatments by pesticides. Consumption rate of the products – 30 to 100 g of dry substance per 1 hectare (subject to product type and crop species). Today industrial humates are widely used in both Americas, in China and Australia, in African counties and in Central Europe, and, of course, in Russia. Having said that we should mention that actually in use are the following three main types of humates: sodium humate, potassium humate and ammonium humate. Most widespread are the first two ones. It also often happens that preparations containing both forms of humic salts are applied. So far, the main raw materials for humic substance production have been turf or special sorts of brown coals. The main advantage of this raw stock is that it is available in various regions of the world. Humic acids contained in such raw products are high molecular insoluble fractions. Extraction of humic acids is done by monovalent cations of sodium, potassium or ammonium. This process results in dilutions of humic salts, to be further subjected to evaporation till their concentration reaches 2-8%. This method defines both good product properties and its high price per active substance content. Yet, such preparations can be easily dissolved and have successfully found their gap in the market. More promising economically is the so-called "dry processing of brown coals" technology with dry humates at the output. It is very cheap and is used by most major producers in different countries. At the same time, its final products have their shortcomings among which we can mention: • partial solubility and a high content of insoluble ballast components; • difficulties linked to ensuring a stable composition of the product, including heavy metal content, which are caused by variances in the composition of raw stock in deposits; • small amount or no fulvic low-molecular acids. Nonetheless, due to their low price, such humic preparations are most popular both in the international and Russian markets. In 1980-ies Leningrad scientists developed new revolutionizing technologies of the production of ecologically friendly high concentration humic salts. One of the features of this technology is that it imitates the natural processes of humification of virtually any lignin-containing organic matter, which usually does not contain humic compounds. In nature this process of humification of wood lignin can carry on for ages, while the developed technology can shorten this time down to 1 or 2 hours. By this, the production of a wide range of high- and low-molecular humic compounds is ensured, including fulvic salts. Extensive research and production technology efforts made since 1999 has led to the development and marketing of a new

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